--- title: 'GDR_Polymer_Oceans>$section>$unit>vitrac' separator: verticalSeparator: theme: moon revealOptions: transition: 'convex' backgroundTransition: 'fade' viewDistance: 5 center: false overview: true touch: true progress: true controls: true controlsTutorial: true controlsLayout: 'bottom-right' help: true mouseWheel: true slideNumber: 'c/t' autoSlide: 15000 width: '102%' height: '102%' margin: 0 minScale: 1.000000e-01 maxScale: 3 display: 'block' transitionSpeed: 'default' --- ___ ## Managing the systemic risk of food contamination from packaging in the circular economy ### Olivier Vitrac (senior scientist INRAE) ___ version: production (0.335) date: April 27, 2022 content: 57 slides class: GDR_Polymer_Oceans>$section>$unit>vitrac title: Managing the systemic risk of food contamination from packaging in the circular economy source: vitrac_v2.pptx hash: contact: olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr note: ##### [13:29:03 - 27/04/2022]olivi@LX-Olivier2021> pptx2reveal_v2 with the following parameters: | **parameter** | **value** | | --------------: | -------- | | `wwwroot`: | ` /Data/olivi/Bulk/fitnessII/conversion/output/www` | | `wwwrel`: | ` Conferences/GDR_Polymer_Oceans` | | `wwwlib`: | ` src5.3` | | `pptxfolder`: | ` /Data/olivi/Bulk/fitnessII/conversion/source/conferences/GDR2022` | | `pptx`: | ` vitrac_v2.pptx` | | `imfolder`: | ` src_vitrac` | | `imsourcefolder`: | ` vitrac_v2` | | `impat`: | ` Slide*.jpg` | | `svgpat`: | ` Slide*.svg` | | `author`: | ` Olivier Vitrac (senior scientist INRAE)` | | `contact`: | ` olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr` | | `YAMLtitle`: | ` GDR_Polymer_Oceans>$section>$unit>vitrac` | | `title`: | ` Managing the systemic risk of food contamination from packaging in the circular economy` | | `vrsn`: | ` 0.335` | | `mdfile`: | ` vitrac.md` | | `projectname`: | ` vitrac` | | `theme`: | ` moon` | | `resize`: | ` 1200x675` | | `initialscale`: | ` 0.8` | | `maximumscale`: | ` 2` | | `userscalable`: | ` yes` | | `headingshift`: | ` ` | | `headingshiftnotes`: | ` ##` | | `mainfontsize`: | ` 32` | | `fontsize`: | ` 0.8` | | `hash`: | ` ` | | `maxtitle`: | ` 120` | | `maxcontentslide`: | ` 12` | | `favicon`: | ` /Data/olivi/Bulk/fitnessII/conversion/template/favicon/favicon.ico` | | `mainindex`: | ` ` | | `dependencymain`: | ` index.html` | | `imformatpreferred`: | ` svg` | | `svgmaxsize`: | ` 1024 KB` | | `pdf`: | ` vitrac_v2.pdf` | --- # CONTENT --- * [1/57] [Managing the systemic risk of food contamination from packaging in the circular economy](#/1) * [2/57] [Who we are](#/2) * [3/57] [Umr 0782 joint research unit between INRAe and agroparistech – founding members of - university paris- saclay](#/3) * [4/57] [Sayfood group modeling and computational engineering research axis: concurrent multiscale modeling](#/4) * [5/57] [Safemat project built around 3 r&d axes (trl 1-7)](#/5) * [6/57] [Turning green](#/6) * [7/57] [1964 – first pvc bottles](#/7) * [8/57] [Slide 08/57](#/8) * [9/57] [Slide 09/57](#/9) * [10/57] [Google trends / bisphenol a: (worldwide)](#/10) * [11/57] [2003](#/11) * [12/57] [Turning green](#/12) --- # CONTENT (Cont'ed) --- * [13/57] [Turning green](#/13) * [14/57] [A world without plastics?](#/14) * [15/57] [Circularity by design by recycling by alternative feedstocks](#/15) * [16/57] [Research activities in the literature](#/16) * [17/57] [The challenge of recycling plastics for food contact.](#/17) * [18/57] [% plastic](#/18) * [19/57] [Recycled ldpe = a different polymer](#/19) * [20/57] [Is the substitution of plastics by recyled paper & board a safer solution?](#/20) * [21/57] [Beyond food contact](#/21) * [22/57] [Safety assessment](#/22) * [23/57] [Badge,bpa](#/23) * [24/57] [Packaging substances](#/24) --- # CONTENT (Cont'ed) --- * [25/57] [Food inertia: a long history](#/25) * [26/57] [Https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/2615/2933/0926/the_role_of_food_packaging_2018.pdf](#/26) * [27/57] [1](#/27) * [28/57] [The cascade of risk assessment and management](#/28) * [29/57] [Johor](#/29) * [30/57] [Johor](#/30) * [31/57] [European regulations globally unsuited to the circular economy by material ans substance risk assessment methodology](#/31) * [32/57] [Plastics can be mechanically recyled 9 times with a mandatory decontamination step at each cycle?](#/32) * [33/57] [Key problems identified in EU regulation (consensus)](#/33) * [34/57] [Our priorities](#/34) * [35/57] [Example of contamination levels of pet bottles recollected from non-food contact applications](#/35) * [36/57] [Manufacturing date](#/36) --- # CONTENT (Cont'ed) --- * [37/57] [Revisiting the principles of safety assessment](#/37) * [38/57] [T1. production of reference materials](#/38) * [39/57] [Chemical imaging – raman spectroscopy on paper](#/39) * [40/57] [Thermodynamic measurements (e.g. 25 µm thick - pet) automatic microbalance sos = ultrasonic sensor](#/40) * [41/57] [The challenge of nias](#/41) * [42/57] [Migration modeling and computational engineering](#/42) * [43/57] [Migration modeling and computational engineering](#/43) * [44/57] [Us guidance](#/44) * [45/57] [The five principles of migration modeling](#/45) * [46/57] [Yan zhu, phuong-mai nguyen, olivier vitrac, risk assessment of - migration from packaging materials into food,](#/46) * [47/57] [Uncertainty vs ignorance](#/47) * [48/57] [Probabilistic modeling](#/48) --- # CONTENT (Cont'ed) --- * [49/57] [Styrene from yoghurt pots: an example of forecast 49](#/49) * [50/57] [Integrated engineering](#/50) * [51/57] [Education](#/51) * [52/57] [Conclusions & perspectives](#/52) * [53/57] [Think differently](#/53) * [54/57] [Think safety, always](#/54) * [55/57] [Think](#/55) * [56/57] [+poor design and gmp +weak regulation rules +poor training](#/56) * [57/57] [Thank you for your attention](#/57) # Managing the systemic risk of food contamination from packaging in the circular economy ![Slide1.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide1.svg "slide 1 of 57") note: ### Managing the systemic risk of food contamination from packaging in the circular economy - Olivier Vitrac, senior scientist at INRAE (https://www.INRAe.fr/en) olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr https://linkedin.com/in/olivier-vitrac-safemat https://fitness.agroparistech.fr orcid : 0000-0001-7787-5962 UMR 0782 UMT ACTIA 22.07 Department Food, Bioproducts and Waste --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 01/57 | 5 | 5 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 1 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Who we are ![Slide2.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide2.svg "slide 2 of 57") note: ### Who we are Green Deal Safety assessment Computational engineering - Summary Presentation outlook --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 02/57 | 37 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 2 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # UMR 0782 Joint Research Unit between INRAE and AgroParisTech – founding members of - University Paris- Saclay ![Slide3.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide3.svg "slide 3 of 57") note: ### UMR 0782 Joint Research Unit between INRAE and AgroParisTech – founding members of University Paris- Saclay 2 Metro 18 final move - July 2022 12 1 1 Current location --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 03/57 | 41 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # SayFood group modeling and computational engineering research axis: Concurrent multiscale modeling ![Slide4.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide4.svg "slide 4 of 57") note: ### SayFood group modeling and computational engineering research axis: Concurrent multiscale modeling Physics of fluids 2021 . 33: 085105. Illustrations application to deep-frying Zoom in on details down to molecules within the same simulation (food, packaging) Breakthrough approaches : integration of chemical and structural information, image-based modeling, chemical reactions. Public-private partnership Work with - Cargill two or more scales are described and coupled in the same simulation open source HPC --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 04/57 | 71 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Safemat project built around 3 R&D axes (TRL 1-7) ![Slide5.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide5.svg "slide 5 of 57") note: ### Safemat project built around 3 R&D axes (TRL 1-7) AXIS 1 FOOD GRADE RECYCLATES AXIS 2 AGING OF RECYCLED MATERIALS, REUSED, REEMPLOYED, COMPOSTABLE AXIS 3 ENGINEERING INTEGRATING THE COUPLE PACKAGING-PRODUCT Mission of public interest, support the evolution of regulations, reconcile safety and performance --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 05/57 | 123 | 5 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # TURNING GREEN ![Slide6.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide6.svg "slide 6 of 57") note: ### TURNING GREEN Subtitle 3 We are sleeping on a volcano... A wind of revolution blows; the storm is on the horizon. Alexis de - Tocqueville (1848, just prior revolutions in Europe). TOMORROW EVERYTHING SHOULD BE REUSABLE, REFILLABLE, RECYCLABLE --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 06/57 | 142 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # 1964 – first PVC bottles ![Slide7.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide7.svg "slide 7 of 57") note: ### 1964 – first PVC bottles 1974 – returnable bottles more expensive than plastic ones Back to the past - Is there a lesson we can learn from history? https://fitness.agroparistech.fr/fitness/external/AgroParisTech/Introduction/ --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 07/57 | 382 | 5 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 2_Comparaison | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # slide 08/57 ![Slide8.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide8.svg "slide 8 of 57") note: You may recognize yourself in one of these pictures, at least when the pandemic didn't affect our lives. Historically, food packaging had many successes: dramatically increasing food products' shelf life, reducing food waste, but it has led to extremes: in some cases, there is more packaging and therefore more waste than food products. These practices must disappear to be replaced by what? What material will be used for hot filling? --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 08/57 | 391 | 0 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # slide 09/57 ![Slide9.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide9.svg "slide 9 of 57") note: --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 09/57 | 419 | 0 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Google Trends / Bisphenol A: (Worldwide) ![Slide10.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide10.svg "slide 10 of 57") note: ### Google Trends / Bisphenol A: (Worldwide) CANCO : Ensuring the safety of consumers : can coatings for direct food contact. Project QLAM-2001-00066. Current Biology 2003, 13, 546 LOI no 2012-1442 du 24 décembre 2012 Current Biology 2018, 28,1 REGULATION 2018/213/EC 2003 2018 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 10/57 | 425 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # 2003 ![Slide11.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide11.jpg "slide 11 of 57") note: ### 2003 2018 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 11/57 | 482 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # TURNING GREEN ![Slide12.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide12.jpg "slide 12 of 57") note: We don't have the opportunity to travel. I offer you a glimpse to the future of Paris to confirm that the green revolution is well underway. According to the new ANTI-WASTE law, the target is zero disposable plastic by 2040. As of this year, the word "biodegradable" can no longer be used on plastic packaging. Next year, labels should indicate the presence of endocrine disruptors. By 2025, all plastic packaging should be recycled or reused. Plastic containers will be banned for babies and infants. Finally, all packaging should be reusable. ### TURNING GREEN TOMORROW EVERYTHING SHOULD BE REUSABLE, REFILLABLE, RECYCLABLE 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2040 (France) zero disposable plastic 2026 2027 Prohibition of the mention biodegradable No cups, plates or cotton swabs allowed Disposable dishes in fast-food restaurants prohibited Mixed deposit for reuse and recycling Environmental and societal labelling Ban plastic containers for heating food for infants and young children. 5% packaging reusable 10% reusable packaging 100% of packaging recycled by January 1, 2025 100% reusable packaging 0% of packaging are recycled since zero waste Disposable cutlery, straws and swizzle sticks banned in 2021 Plastic confetti banned in 2021 free plastic toys banned in 2021 Mandatory water fountains - Banning packaging around fruit and vegetables in 2022 Plastic tea bags banned by 2022 Five-year ecodesign plans A polluter-pays system for hygiene textiles from 2024 PARIS 2050 PARIS 2024 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 12/57 | 490 | 11 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # TURNING GREEN ![Slide13.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide13.svg "slide 13 of 57") note: Even if it less ambitious and is focused on PET bottles, the new European directive so-called Single-Use Plastics share the same goal: a high priority is given to non-toxic reusable products and reuse systems over single-use products. At this stage, its worth noticing that food packaging impacts the 12 of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations. ### TURNING GREEN TOMORROW EVERYTHING SHOULD BE REUSABLE, REFILLABLE, RECYCLABLE 2020 2022 2024 (2019/904/EC) Priority to sustainable, non-toxic reusable products and reuse systems over single-use products. 2030 2020 25% of recycled PET for the manufacture of bottles 30% recycled PET for the manufacture of bottles Cap attached to the bottle 90% of recently collected bottles - Food Packaging impacts 12 of 17 goals --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 13/57 | 823 | 9 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # A world without plastics? ![Slide14.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide14.svg "slide 14 of 57") note: This template was inserted from Power-user, the productivity add-in for PowerPoint, Excel and Word. Get thousands of templates, icons, maps, diagrams and charts with Power-user. Visit www.powerusersoftwares.com! ### A world without plastics? * RECYCLED PLASTICS +Food-contact * ENFORCED REGULATIONS China, EU, US * FULL COLLECT (new usages) REUSED, EDIBLE PLASTICS (new supply food supply chains) NO PLASTICS (new organizations) --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 14/57 | 887 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Title and Content | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Circularity by design by recycling by alternative feedstocks ![Slide15.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide15.svg "slide 15 of 57") note: ### Circularity by design by recycling by alternative feedstocks --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 15/57 | 924 | 1 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Title and Content | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Research activities in the literature ![Slide16.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide16.svg "slide 16 of 57") note: ### Research activities in the literature * MATERIAL DESIGN Longer lifetime Decrease material usage Improve sorting, separation, recyclability Trigger biodegradability ARTICLE DESIGN Design for dismantling Decrease material usage Digital design for reuse Digital development of biobased RECYCLING Mechanical Chemical Thermal and thermomechanical Multimaterial, multilayer FEEDSTOCKS Plastic waste based - Food waste based CO/CO 2 based --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 16/57 | 928 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Title and Content | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # The challenge of recycling plastics for food contact. ![Slide17.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide17.svg "slide 17 of 57") note: All plastics including biosourced and biodegradable materials will need to be recyclable for the same use (food contact for food packaging). Only PET is currently recycled at global scale, but with several challenges: Risk of misuse, cross-contamination (ex. from carboard) They can be used for direct contact after decontamination They could be used without decontamination behind a functional barrier (e.g.,made of decontaminated rPET) rPET can originate from various streams (food contact or not) and from various countries No harmonized standards ### The challenge of recycling plastics for food contact. All plastics including biosourced and biodegradable materials will need to be recyclable for the same use (food contact for food packaging). Only PET is currently recycled at global scale, but with several challenges: Risk of misuse, cross-contamination (ex. from carboard) They can be used for direct contact after decontamination They could be used not decontaminated behind a functional barrier (e.g. ,made of decontaminated rPET) rPET can originate from various streams (food contact or not) and from various countries - No harmonized standards --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 17/57 | 935 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # % plastic ![Slide18.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide18.svg "slide 18 of 57") note: Recycling polyolefins (HDPE, PP) is the next target. They are heavily formulated, in particular, for non-food applications and they may be contaminated by high molecular weight compounds. These contaminants cannot be eliminated by solvent washing and evaporation. Some industries proposed to recycle styrenic polymers. They are fragile and subjected to rapid depolymerization when heated. ### % plastic wastes in 2015 (% food packaging wastes, Plastics Europe 2016) 11% (>15%) PET Polyethylene terephthalate Beverages, jars, clothing, carpets, products cosmetics... 1 14% (~15%) HDPE High density polyethylene Detergents, snacks, corks, toys, barrels, garden furniture, garbage cans... 2 5% (<3%) PVC Polyvinyl chloride Door/window frames, gutters, electric ducts, CC... 3 20% (32%) LDPE Low density polyethylene Films, bags, bubble wrap, flexible bottles, electrical insulation... 4 19% (~20%) PP Propylene Rigid closures, food boxes, coolers, tarpaulins, diapers... 5 6% (~10%) PS Polystyrenes Cups, egg cartons, trays, yoghurt pots, toys, electrical insulators ... 6 24% (~5%) Other Plastics Nylon/polyamide fabrics and films, CD, parts … 7 Recycling difficulties - any purpose (variable according to regions/countries easy feasible dificult Very difficult - Recycled for food contact (PET) Could be recycled for food contact (polyolefins: PP, HDPE, LDPE) Recycling more plastics beyond PET Globally, 18% of plastics are recycled, compared to almost zero in 1980. Plastic bottles are one of the most widely recycled products (including now to make new bottles). Other plastics are either discarded or recycled for lesser quality uses. --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 18/57 | 941 | 31 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Recycled LDPE = a different polymer ![Slide19.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide19.svg "slide 19 of 57") note: ### Recycled LDPE = a different polymer --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 19/57 | 998 | 1 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Is the substitution of plastics by recyled paper & board a safer solution? ![Slide20.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide20.svg "slide 20 of 57") note: Is the substitution of plastics by recycled paper & board a safer solution? In the literature, heavy contamination by mineral oils has been found in many food products. The reported amounts are of high concern. Due to the ubiquitous contamination of recycled paper and board by aromatic mineral oil: Germany recommends not to use reycled materials in mcrowave oven. France requires an evaluation of the risk of contamination from secondary and ternary packaging. The Detection limit is very high around 10 mg/kg (Koster et al., 2020) ### Is the substitution of plastics by recyled paper & board a safer solution? Recycled P&B are a very important source of mineral oils, which can contaminate food without contact and across a plastic layer. Germany recommends not to use recycled P&B in microwave oven. France requires an evaluation of the risk of contamination from secondary and ternary packaging. Detection limit ~10 mg/kg (Koster et al., 2020) Food type Maximum level of contamination by mineral oils - Origin Reference Chocolate and chocolate products >100 mg⋅kg -1 Cardboard (Lorenzini, 2010) Baby milk 10-80 mg⋅kg -1 Cardboard (Droz, 1997) Cereal Products 30 mg⋅kg -1 Cardboard and printing inks (Biedermann, 2013) Pasta 10 mg⋅kg -1 cardboard box (Biedermann, 2011) Edible oil 100-1000 mg⋅kg -1 Containers (Wagner, 2001) --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 20/57 | 1004 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # BEYOND FOOD CONTACT ![Slide21.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide21.jpg "slide 21 of 57") note: ### BEYOND FOOD CONTACT The EU regulation (EC) 1223/2009 of cosmetic products refers to the framework regulation (EC) 1935/2004 of food contact materials (FCM) to manage the risk of contamination of cosmetic contact materials (CCM) CCM inhalation ingestion skin absorption FCM --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 21/57 | 1035 | 4 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Deux contenus | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Safety Assessment ![Slide22.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide22.jpg "slide 22 of 57") note: Our procedures of safety assessment need to be revised to include many new practices and applications. In particular, we need to consider the recycling loop and the history of materials before coming in contact with food. ### Safety Assessment How to evaluate many new sourcing, materials, applications and practices. --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 22/57 | 1064 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 1 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # BADGE,BPA ![Slide23.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide23.svg "slide 23 of 57") note: ### BADGE,BPA benzophenones diisocyanate ITX MOA biocides --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 23/57 | 1304 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Packaging substances ![Slide24.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide24.svg "slide 24 of 57") note: ### Packaging substances Hazard Analysis vs Risk assessment Hazard = health - Risk = occurrence --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 24/57 | 1323 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Food inertia: a long history ![Slide25.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide25.svg "slide 25 of 57") note: ### Food inertia: a long history - Le règlement de 1908: « …aucune substance alimentaire ne doit contenir de produit nuisible, produit chimiques… » --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 25/57 | 1333 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Titre et contenu | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/2615/2933/0926/The_Role_of_Food_Packaging_2018.pdf ![Slide26.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide26.jpg "slide 26 of 57") note: ### https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/files/2615/2933/0926/The_Role_of_Food_Packaging_2018.pdf --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 26/57 | 1345 | 1 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # 1 ![Slide27.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide27.svg "slide 27 of 57") note: ### Contradictions and risk scale Plastics Printing inks Adhesives Solvents, polymerization aids - Biocides Coatings Paper and board --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 27/57 | 1349 | 8 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # The cascade of risk assessment and management ![Slide28.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide28.svg "slide 28 of 57") note: ### The cascade of risk assessment and management Chronic exposure Human exposome Risk Tradeoff Risk balancing Conflicts Scientific risk assessment Conflict: evaluative cognitive, evaluative, normative - Routine Conflict: cognitive Targets: Targets:DG SANCO, industry stakeholders Target: industry Target: professional associations Discourse: internal Discourse: cognitive Discourse: reflective Discourse: participatory Outcome: simple Outcome: complex Outcome: uncertain Outcome: ambiguous --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 28/57 | 1410 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Johor ![Slide29.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide29.jpg "slide 29 of 57") note: Je vais d’abord répondre à une première question pourquoi UN risque systémique. J’ai déjà étudié le risque de transfert de substances de l’emballage vers l’aliment appuyé notamment par 8 thèses. Mais il s’agissait d’une situation où les natures des substances et leurs occurrences étaient connues. Avec l’économie circulaire et la généralisation du recyclage, le concept de pureté disparaît. Les matériaux initiaux peuvent eux-mêmes être contaminés, il y a une massification des risques. Mais pourquoi gérer les risques? . Les risques ont deux dimensions: une dimension émotionnelle – ils sont source d’angoisse. La seconde dimension est cognitive, on cherche à les comprendre et si possible à les maîtriser. J’illustre la situation sur la contamination de la semoule par les huiles minérales issues des papiers et cartons . Il s’agit d’une étude réalisée par l’association FoodWatch en 2015 et pour laquelle j’avais été sollicité pour l’interprétation. Ce que l’on sait c’est que la majorité des produits testés étaient contaminés par des huiles minérales aromatiques [classées cancérigènes] et qu’elles étaient également retrouvées dans les cartons recyclés au contact. ### Johor Kedah Kelantan Kuala Lumpur Melaka Negeri Sembilan Pahang Perak Perlis Pinang Sabah Sarawak Selangor Terengganu Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya 1 1 [100 to 200[ [0 to 100[ [300 to 400[ [200 to 300[ 400+ 400+ 400+ 400+ 400+ 400+ massification of risks “Risk perception has two main dimensions: the emotional dimension the cognitive dimension (how much people know about and understand risks)” Paek & Hove. Oxford Encyclopedia of Communication 2017. Recycled paper and cardboard for food contact Title 3 Why manage risk? Why a systemic risk? food packaging (material) migration sorption, reactions « others » (streams) Non- food contact applications + misuse Contact with recycled materials washing - Recycled at 70% en 2021 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 29/57 | 1423 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Johor ![Slide30.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide30.jpg "slide 30 of 57") note: La cause de la contamination est UN transfert sans contact Nous avons commencé à étudier ces transferts lors du projet ANR SafeFoodPackaging Design que je coordonnais. Ces courbes montrent les cinétiques de contamination pour UN produit de type cookie en provenance suremballage et au travers du film plastique. Les transferts sont mis en évidence pour toutes les classes d’huiles minérales. La répression des fraudes qui était partenaire du projet a modifié en conséquence la loi française pour tenir compte du risque de migration sans contact physique ou par mouillage aqueux. ### Why a systemic risk? massification des risques food packaging (material) migration sorptions, reactions « others » (streams) Non-food contact applications +misuse Contact with recycled materials washing Cause = transfer without contact (via air, water) Food Additives and Contaminants 2017, 34,1703-20 Food Additives and - Contaminants . 2017, 34,1703-20 2011-2014 Coord. O. Vitrac DGCCRF - Fiche MCDA n°4 (V02 – 01/01/2019) Contact avec des denrées sèches et non grasses, sans contact physique/ mouillage aqueux https://www.economie.gouv.fr/dgccrf/materiaux-organiques-a-base-fibres-vegetales n-alkanes photoiniators phtalates aromatics --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 30/57 | 1678 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # European regulations globally unsuited to the circular economy by material ans substance risk assessment methodology ![Slide31.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide31.jpg "slide 31 of 57") note: De l’aveu même de la Commission Européenne, la réglementation actuelle est globalement inadaptée à l’économie circulaire Prenons le cas des matières plastiques, elles doivent être recyclées y compris pour le contact alimentaire. Nous avons mis en place des règles de calcul pour évaluer les risques, j’y ai participé. Mais les facteurs de sécurité introduits ne permettent aujourd’hui le retour au contact alimentaire que d’UN seul polymère: le polyéthylène téréphtalate. Ces problématiques rentrent dans les grands objectifs scientifiques de l’INRAE et du département Transform . Ces questions sont toutefois complexes et requièrent UN collectif adapté au-delà de nos compétences traditionnelles. ### European regulations globally unsuited to the circular economy by material ans substance risk assessment methodology “Rules do not encourage development of safer and more sustainable alternatives”- European Commission Workshop Jan 20, 2021 – Evaluation and Revision of EU Rules on - Food Contact Materials Regulations 10/2011/EC 282/2008/EC (plastics) Plastic wastes Food-grade recycled plastics 2019/904 /EC http://dx.doi.org/10.2788/975888 2015 c &en Oct 2021, p. 28 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 31/57 | 1980 | 7 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Plastics can be mechanically recyled 9 times with a mandatory decontamination step at each cycle? ![Slide32.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide32.svg "slide 32 of 57") note: ### Plastics can be mechanically recyled 9 times with a mandatory decontamination step at each cycle? Cellulosic materials can be recycled up to 30 times without any decontamination - Why a double standard between plastic and cellulosic materials? Plastics other than PET are not widely recycled for food contact due to safety concerns. Among them, post-consumer polyolefins are heavily formulated, degraded, and contaminated by the previously contacting product --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 32/57 | 2192 | 4 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Comparaison | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Key problems identified in EU regulation (consensus) ![Slide33.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide33.svg "slide 33 of 57") note: ### Key problems identified in EU regulation (consensus) Lack of functioning of the internal market and possible safety issues for non-plastics FCMs. Positive authorized list approach and lack of focus on the final article. Lack of prioritization of the most hazardous substances and up-to-date assessments. Exchange if safety and compliance information in the supply chain is poor and the ability to ensure compliance is compromised. Enforcement of rules on FCMs is generally poor. Rules do not sufficiently consider the specificity of SMEs. Rules do not encourage development of safer and more sustainable alternatives. The subject matter is not always clear, and definitions need to be reviewed. DG-SANTE, Workshop Jan 20, 2021 https://EC.europa.EU/food/system/files/2021-01/cs_fcm_eval-workshop_20210120_pres.pdf --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 33/57 | 2203 | 4 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Our priorities ![Slide34.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide34.svg "slide 34 of 57") note: Le projet à 5 ans proposé est au coeur du programme de renouvellement de l’Unité Mixte Technologique SAFEMAT que j’ai contribué à créer. Le décret 3R à 3 objectifs: Recycler, Réduire, Réutiliser Les objectifs de l’UMT pour son renouvellement sont: Appuyer, Accompagner, Sécuriser ### Our priorities R ecycle R educe R euse Objectives of the 3Rs Decree Objectives UMT 22.07 Support the evolution of European regulations + anti-waste decrees Supporting the substitution of materials Secure the product and ensure the performance of the packaging - Public Service Mission No contribution --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 34/57 | 2211 | 11 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Example of contamination levels of PET bottles recollected from non-food contact applications ![Slide35.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide35.svg "slide 35 of 57") note: Let’s take an example. PET recycled for non-food contact applications may contain many harmful substances: genotoxic or classified as Cramer III, which should not be present in food. ### Example of contamination levels of PET bottles recollected from non-food contact applications - Substances found in PET bottles originally used for dishwashing products – Molecules 2020, 25 (21), 4998 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 35/57 | 2263 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre et contenu | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Manufacturing date ![Slide36.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide36.svg "slide 36 of 57") note: ### Manufacturing date Unknown Sampling from local German market 04/2010 08/2010 Analysis of 2 nd sample 08/2011 Analysis of 3 rd sample Biedermann et al. (2013) 119 dry food products (3 samples/category) 1 st analysis Request of BfR 4 months 12 months Contact time  Paper and board = prevalent source of chemical contaminants in food - Mineral Oils, Printing inks, adhesives --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 36/57 | 2271 | 14 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Revisiting the principles of safety assessment ![Slide37.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide37.svg "slide 37 of 57") note: ### Revisiting the principles of safety assessment Traceability of sourcing, managing cross-contamination during collection, sorting and recycling Risk assessment and management of unknown chemicals (NIAS) via consumer exposure Unknown acceptable thresholds (acute toxicity, endocrine disruptors, cocktail effects) The aging of materials needs to be considered Functional barrier? virgin/recycled/decontaminated? which solution? How to evaluate them? Which service life? Evaluating migration / exposure below the detection limit - Migration modeling is the only viable approach but which contamination level to consider? Looking for viable strategies --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 37/57 | 2307 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # T1. Production of reference materials ![Slide38.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide38.svg "slide 38 of 57") note: Le projet ANR FoodSafeBioPack que je coordonne a deux objectifs: Comprendre les transferts à l’échelle de la microstructure des papiers-cartons et des aliments Développer des couches barrières à base de microfibres de cellulose La méthodologie utilisée est quasi la même beaucoup des nos projets « matière recyclée »: produire… J’illustre nous nouveaux moyens d’imagerie chimique qui nous permettent de localiser la présence de molécules polyaromatiques dans l’épaisseur des emballages L’équipe Modélisation et Ingénierie par le calcul (MODIC) est fortement mobilisée pour la construction de modèles prédictifs multiéchelle ### T1. Production of reference materials T2. Characterization of materials and functional barriers T3. Direct/indirect characterization of streams T4. Thermodynamic characterization of mass transfer T5. Multiscale transfer modeling / validation T6. Risk assessment and performance optimization Chemical imaging (Raman) on recycled Craft paper (cross section) (2021-2024, coord . O. Vitrac) – Illustration of the scientific approach - Location of mineral oils in the thickness of the packaging --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 38/57 | 2315 | 8 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Blank | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Chemical imaging – Raman spectroscopy on paper ![Slide39.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide39.svg "slide 39 of 57") note: ### Chemical imaging – Raman spectroscopy on paper --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 39/57 | 2522 | 1 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Title Only | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Thermodynamic measurements (e.g. 25 µm thick - PET) Automatic microbalance SOS = ultrasonic Sensor ![Slide40.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide40.svg "slide 40 of 57") note: ### Thermodynamic measurements (e.g. 25 µm thick - PET) Automatic microbalance SOS = ultrasonic - Sensor time (min) H O H H O H --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 40/57 | 2583 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # The challenge of NIAS ![Slide41.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide41.jpg "slide 41 of 57") note: These non-intentionally added substances are difficult to identify. Usually in a chromatogram and mass spectroscopy, a compound X is identified by several matches. For this given peak, risk assessment can be carried out by looking for equivalent substances whose capacity of migration is higher than all matches. In the past, molecular mass was used to set a virtual substance with higher diffusivity. Several alternative exist today, The same approach needs to be performed to identified an acceptable threshold based on the toxicology of the matches. It is why I sketched Anubis. The ratio between estimated migration and acceptable threshold can be used to define a scale of severity. We need to repeat the process of all peaks. With a computer, this comparison requires just a couple of minutes or seconds. ### The challenge of NIAS Propagating uncertainty with the risk that no decision can be reached exposure assessment candidates D D C C B B A A D D C C B B hazard analysis A A candidates acceptable threshold worst-case migration compound all compounds compound --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 41/57 | 2653 | 5 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | Page classique | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Migration modeling and computational engineering ![Slide42.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide42.svg "slide 42 of 57") note: ### Migration modeling and computational engineering OUR WAY OUT --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 42/57 | 3168 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 1 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Migration modeling and computational engineering ![Slide43.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide43.jpg "slide 43 of 57") note: ### Migration modeling and computational engineering OUR WAY OUT --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 43/57 | 3184 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 1 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # US guidance ![Slide44.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide44.svg "slide 44 of 57") note: Migration modeling has been initially developed to reduce the cost of compliance testing for plastics. It is well accepted in the US, Europe and China. Somme approaches exist for other materials. ### US guidance Europe guidance Migration modeling is well accepted in the US, Europe and China Revisions and to extensions to non-plastic materials are pending 1990 http://publications.jrc.EC.europa.EU/repository/handle/JRC98028 https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100BCMB.TXT 2015 Methodology for Estimating the Migration of Additives and Impurities from - Polymeric Materials --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 44/57 | 3202 | 7 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Comparaison | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # The five principles of migration modeling ![Slide45.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide45.svg "slide 45 of 57") note: ### The five principles of migration modeling - The first principle (“ conservatism ”) is that modeling and related calculations should overestimate the real migration or contamination. The second principle (“ reliability ”) implies that the foreseen mass transfer pathways and substances obey well-described mechanisms, accepted conditions (e.g., uniform distribution), and proper implementation in software. The third principle (“ consistency ”) is that inputs in the model are known or guessed in a way that fulfills the requirements of the first principle. The fourth principle (“ parsimony ”) states that sophisticated and refined scenarios should be considered only when simpler ones cannot demonstrate compliance or safety. The fifth and final principle (“ proportionality ”) is that non-compliance cannot be demonstrated by calculation. --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 45/57 | 3220 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Deux contenus | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Yan Zhu, Phuong-Mai Nguyen, Olivier Vitrac, Risk Assessment of - Migration From Packaging Materials Into Food, ![Slide46.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide46.svg "slide 46 of 57") note: Modeling can be really complex. During the last decade, migration modeling has been connected to chemometric approaches, molecular modeling and QSAR tools. The goal consists in checking iteratively (from tier 1 to high tiers) whether a value calculated conservatively is above some threshold value. You sophisticate your scenario until being capable to estimate a value below the reference value, ### Yan Zhu, Phuong-Mai Nguyen, Olivier Vitrac, Risk Assessment of Migration From Packaging Materials Into Food, Reference Module in Food Science, Elsevier, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22501-8. What is the goal? The art of migration modeling consists in building a sequence of scenarios so that the last scenario provides a value lower than the threshold of concern while being large than the real concentration (unknown). Multiscale modeling Parsimony vs. sophistication During the last decade migration modeling became high throughput, multiscale and connected to chemometric approaches estimated concentration in food 1 2 3 4 5 6 > > > > > Threshold of concern : (e.g., SML) Compliance cannot be demonstrated : use a higher tier or test experimentally compliance Compliance can be demonstrated Not accessible to modeling More knowledge, more sophistication - Tier index + chemometrics +QSAR --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 46/57 | 3230 | 6 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Comparaison | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Uncertainty vs ignorance ![Slide47.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide47.svg "slide 47 of 57") note: ### Uncertainty vs ignorance “ scientia ” (science) vs “ opinio ” (belief) Conventional modeling assumes complete knowledge and epistemologic transformation of information into knowledge. How to code “vagueness”, “ skeptism ”, “error”, “doubt” Y. Zhu, P.-M. Nguyen and O. Vitrac in: G. Robertson (Ed.): Elsevier Food Science Reference Module, Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL, 2019, pp. 64. How to manage uncertainty? 47 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 47/57 | 3283 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Probabilistic modeling ![Slide48.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide48.svg "slide 48 of 57") note: ### Probabilistic modeling Part of best practices “Mandatory” for risk assessment Uncertainty ≠ variability, it can be reduced by additional knowledge or model details. Monte-Carlo sampling can be avoided in several situations to reach almost real time simulation. E.g., monotonic model O. Vitrac and M. Hayert, Aiche Journal 2005, 51, 1080-1095. O. Vitrac, B. Challe, J.-C. Leblanc and A. Feigenbaum, Food Additives and - Contaminants t 2007, 24, 75-94. Probabilistic modeling --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 48/57 | 3291 | 4 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Styrene from yoghurt pots: an example of forecast 49 ![Slide49.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide49.jpg "slide 49 of 57") note: ### Styrene from yoghurt pots: an example of forecast 49 6122 Households 221,190 Purchases 1,930,257 Purchased units µg∙day -1 ∙person -1 2 physico-chemical scenarios O. Vitrac and J.-C. Leblanc, Food Additives and - Contaminants Part a-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment 2007, 24, 194-215. --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 49/57 | 3300 | 4 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Integrated engineering ![Slide50.jpg](./src_vitrac/Slide50.jpg "slide 50 of 57") note: An example is shown on the redesign of PET bottles for alcoholic beverages. The intent is to incorporate the maximum of recycled PET (100 % is not safe), to maximize shelf-life and to minimize the amount of plastics. The geometry of the bottle is part of the degree of freedom. It was shown that it was possible to divide by two the weight pf packaging while improving shelf-life. You have at the bottom the shape of all optimal shapes, which can be compared with the original design on the top left. ### Integrated engineering Example: redesign of PET bottle for alcoholic beverages (optimized shape, recycled content, reduced weight, improved shell-life) 3D prototype printed the same day Zhu, Y., Guillemat, B., et Vitrac, O. (2019). Rational Design of Packaging: Toward Safer and - Ecodesigned Food Packaging Systems. Frontiers in Chemistry, 7(349). --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 50/57 | 3315 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre et contenu | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # EDUCATION ![Slide51.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide51.svg "slide 51 of 57") note: The time of my presentation is limited and if you are interested on packaging design. We developed an open-source platform offering 3 months of online lectures on packaging design and related issues. It includes links to our simulation tools. ### EDUCATION Three months online curriculum on packaging design https://fitness.agroparistech.fr/ --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 51/57 | 3329 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 1_Thème Office | 1_Titre et contenu | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Conclusions & Perspectives ![Slide52.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide52.svg "slide 52 of 57") note: As I stated early, we are sleeping on a volcano. We need urgently to revise our approaches to reduce the environmental footprints of the packaging while keeping its safety within acceptable limits. ### Conclusions & Perspectives We are sleeping on a volcano... A wind of revolution blows, the storm is on the horizon. Alexis de - Tocqueville (1848, just prior revolutions in Europe). --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 52/57 | 3424 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 2 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Think differently ![Slide53.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide53.svg "slide 53 of 57") note: ### Think differently - Think circular, think parsimoniously, think frugality, think bulk --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 53/57 | 3665 | 2 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Titre et contenu | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Think safety, always ![Slide54.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide54.svg "slide 54 of 57") note: ### Think safety, always A good idea can become a bad idea Journal of - Hazardous Materials 429(5) May 2022, 128331 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 54/57 | 3672 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Titre et contenu | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Think ![Slide55.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide55.svg "slide 55 of 57") note: Engineering is the solution. We should not only consider assessment from substances to applications but also to start to think from the other way round. We need to reverse engineer what is packaging and supply chain. Regulatory updates will come rapidly in Europe to frame what is possible, what is not. As you guessed from my presentation, we start to observe contradictions between environmental and safety concern. We need to find rapidly a path supported by efficient design and engineering methods. ### Future of packaging design = safe -by-design + ecodesign --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 55/57 | 3679 | 1 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # +poor design and GMP +weak regulation rules +poor training ![Slide56.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide56.svg "slide 56 of 57") note: In a quite simplistic manner, we will build our societies according to four typical scenarios. What creates risk and environmental impact and contamination is mainly ignorance and poorly organized collection and supply chains. ### +poor design and GMP +weak regulation rules +poor training = Risk of - Contamination + Environmental impact Let’s foresight modeling support public decision and let’s invent our future --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 56/57 | 3686 | 3 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | 1_Titre seul | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) # Thank You For Your Attention ![Slide57.svg](./src_vitrac/Slide57.svg "slide 57 of 57") note: ### Thank You For Your Attention Any questions? olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr Credit : UNESCO Green Citizens --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 57/57 | 3693 | 4 | April 27, 2022 (vitrac_v2.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | 2_Thème Office | Diapositive de titre - Version 2 | | Apr 27, 2022 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr) --- # Thank you for your attention. --- ### Use this link to go back to the first slides * > [first slide](#/) * > [logo slide](#/1) * > [content slide](#/0/2) * > [title slide](#/2) --- #### report issues to [Olivier Vitrac](mailto:olivier.vitrac@agroparistech.fr)