--- title: 'specialized>$section>toolbox>Ecodesign_part3' separator: verticalSeparator: theme: moon revealOptions: transition: 'convex' backgroundTransition: 'fade' viewDistance: 5 center: false overview: true touch: true progress: true controls: true controlsTutorial: true controlsLayout: 'bottom-right' help: true mouseWheel: true slideNumber: 'c/t' autoSlide: 15000 width: '102%' height: '102%' margin: 0 minScale: 1.000000e-01 maxScale: 3 display: 'block' transitionSpeed: 'default' --- ___ ## Eco-design of Packaging – Toolbox ### Sandra Domenek (AgroParistech), Mathieu Durand (AgroParisTech) ___ version: production (0.31) date: June 27, 2020 content: 21 slides class: specialized>$section>toolbox>Ecodesign_part3 title: Eco-design of Packaging – Toolbox source: Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx hash: contact: g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu note: ##### [22:19:53 - 27/06/2020]olivi@LX-Olivier2020> pptx2reveal_v2 with the following parameters: | **parameter** | **value** | | --------------: | -------- | | `wwwroot`: | ` /home/olivi/Bulk/fitness2019/extensions/output/www` | | `wwwrel`: | ` specialized/ECODESIGN` | | `wwwlib`: | ` src` | | `pptxfolder`: | ` /home/olivi/Bulk/fitness2019/extensions/source/ecodesign` | | `pptx`: | ` Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx` | | `imfolder`: | ` src_Ecodesign_part3` | | `imsourcefolder`: | ` ` | | `impat`: | ` Slide*.jpg` | | `svgpat`: | ` Slide*.svg` | | `author`: | ` Sandra Domenek (AgroParistech), Mathieu Durand (AgroParisTech)` | | `contact`: | ` g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu` | | `YAMLtitle`: | ` specialized>$section>toolbox>Ecodesign_part3` | | `title`: | ` Eco-design of Packaging – Toolbox` | | `vrsn`: | ` 0.31` | | `mdfile`: | ` Ecodesign_part3.md` | | `projectname`: | ` Ecodesign_part3` | | `theme`: | ` moon` | | `resize`: | ` 1200x900` | | `initialscale`: | ` 0.8` | | `maximumscale`: | ` 2` | | `userscalable`: | ` yes` | | `headingshift`: | ` ` | | `headingshiftnotes`: | ` ##` | | `fontsize`: | ` 0.7` | | `hash`: | ` ` | | `maxtitle`: | ` 120` | | `maxcontentslide`: | ` 12` | | `favicon`: | ` ~/Bulk/fitness2019/template/favicon/favicon.ico` | | `mainindex`: | ` ` | | `dependencymain`: | ` index.html` | | `imformatpreferred`: | ` svg` | | `svgmaxsize`: | ` 1200 KB` | | `pdf`: | ` Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pdf` | --- # CONTENT --- * [1/21] [Eco-design of - packaging - overview](#/1) * [2/21] [Tools for eco-design](#/2) * [3/21] [Eco- d esign toolbox 3](#/3) * [4/21] [Norms](#/4) * [5/21] [Check-lists and rules](#/5) * [6/21] [Ecodesign lids wheel](#/6) * [7/21] [Evaluative tools](#/7) * [8/21] [Life cycle assessment (lca)](#/8) * [9/21] [Key notions of lca](#/9) * [10/21] [Key notions of ecodesign/ lca](#/10) * [11/21] [Key notions of ecodesign/ lca](#/11) * [12/21] [Elements of lca](#/12) --- # CONTENT (Cont'ed) --- * [13/21] [Lca issues](#/13) * [14/21] [Lca issues](#/14) * [15/21] [Some rules of the thumb for packaging](#/15) * [16/21] [Qualitative rules “of the thumb”](#/16) * [17/21] [The 12 commandments of green chemistry 17](#/17) * [18/21] [Simplified qualitative assessment of - life cycle - sqalc](#/18) * [19/21] [Holistic methodology for packaging design](#/19) * [20/21] [Food/packaging systems 20](#/20) * [21/21] [Evaluation categories](#/21) # Eco-design of - Packaging - Overview Slide1.svg note: ### Eco-design of - Packaging - Overview Eco-design tools --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 01/21 | 3829 | 2 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | 4_Disposition personnalisée | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Tools for eco-design Slide2.svg note: ### Tools for eco-design Classification in levels of maturity: Continuous improvement Re-design of products based on existing technology - Design of new products with equivalent functionality (ex. substitution of fossil by renewable resources) Eco-innovation Change of concept (ex. substitution of a product by a service) --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 02/21 | 3833 | 2 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Eco- D esign toolbox 3 Slide3.svg note: ### Eco- D esign toolbox 3 Early Development Stages Late Development Stages Cost of Change Environmental Lock-In LCA Degree of Freedom Norms Lid’s W heel Eco-design software Check-Lists and rules Creative problem solving - One factor analysis SQALC --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 03/21 | 3837 | 13 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | Titre seul | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Norms Slide4.svg note: ### Norms EN 13427:2004 “Packaging - Requirements for the use of - European Standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste ” EN 13428:2004 “Packaging - Requirements specific to manufacturing and composition - Prevention by source reduction ” ISO/TR 14062:2002 “Environmental management — Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development” describes concepts and current practices relating to the integration of environmental aspects into product design and development. . ISO 14044:2006 covers life cycle assessment (LCA) studies and life cycle inventory (LCI) studies Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 04/21 | 3854 | 6 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Check-lists and rules Slide5.svg note: ### Check-lists and rules The 12 principles of green chemistry 6 R’S Ten Golden Rules Useful for front-line integration of sustainability considerations in design and ideation phase Helpful for idea generation Need often high expertise - Risks of cherry-picking ! “Rules of the thumb ” Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 05/21 | 3863 | 7 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Ecodesign Lids Wheel Slide6.svg note: Lids wheel organizes those lists in what needs do be thought on at what stage Apparament quelquechose de très utilises par les acteurs ### Ecodesign Lids Wheel ### 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 New Concept Development Functional optimization Dematerialization or optimization of product mass Integration of functions 1 Selection of low-impact materials Renewable, non- harzardous materials Low energy-content materials Recycled materials 3 Optimization of production techniques Low/clean energy consumption Low generation of wastes Fewer production steps Alternative processes 5 Reduction of ecological impact at use Few energy/material consumption during use No auxiliary energy/material use 6 Optimization of initial life time Reliability and durability Modular structure, classic design Easy maintenance and repair, user taking care 7 Optimization of end-of-life system Recover materials, reuse, recycle, optimize waste treatment (incineration, composting,...) 2 Reduction of materials Weight reduction Transport volume reduction 4 Optimization of distribution processes Efficient logistics Optimized transport system (transport packaging) Single use products Durable products Concept Brezet & van Hemel, 1997, adapted from - Aguledo 2016, PhD Thesis, DOI 10.13140/RG.2.2.36786.61126 Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 06/21 | 3873 | 21 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | title only | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Evaluative Tools Slide7.svg note: LCA course: https://fitness.agroparistech.fr/fitness/lectures/html/index.html#71-methodologies-used-in-life-cycle-assessment ### Evaluative Tools Need for relatively precise specifications Useful in later stages of development processes when environmental lock-in already relatively high Useful as comparison tool for specific design decisions Cannot be used as stand alone front end design tools - Espace réservé du texte 2 Life cycle assessment based LCA course LCA of bioplastics Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 07/21 | 3901 | 5 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Slide8.svg note: Lien vers le cours ACV ### Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ### Reduction of environmental impacts needs to be quantified. LCA provides evidence for ecodesign. LCA methodological tool that applies life cycle thinking in an quantitative way on environmental analysis of activities related to processes or products (goods and services). A central characteristic of LCA is the holistic focus on products or processes and their functions, considering upstream and downstream activities procedures are part of the ISO 14000 environmental management standards: in ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006. 8 Source: European Commission LCA Info Hub: http:// lca.jrc.EC.europa.EU / lcainfohub / introduction.vm ### Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 08/21 | 3911 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | title only | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Key notions of LCA Slide9.svg note: ### Key notions of LCA Functional unit Quantitative expression of a service unit Includes time necessary for a given service In case quantification difficult to obtain, use of a reference unit Example: Painting: cover 20 m 2 of a normalized surface with opacity higher than 98 % and without cracks for 10 years under UV light without weather exposure Shampooing: wash middle long hair and obtain sensorially appreciated smooth effect for 12 hours in temperate climate (4 hours outside in urban environment and 8 h inside) Difficulty: how to obtain a norm quantity?  least bad choice: approximately 8 mL, being average quantity of consumers poured in their hand during washing giving rise to a reference unit Product life time - Life time of the product itself, not service time! 9 Source: Ventère, 2012, Techniques de l’Ingénieur, [G 6000] Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 09/21 | 3917 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Key notions of ecodesign/ LCA Slide10.svg note: ### Key notions of ecodesign/ LCA Environmental impacts 10 Elementary flow Environmental impact Carbon Petrol Water … Depletion of non renewable resources CFC CO 2 NO X … Depletion of ozone layer Greenhouse effect Climate change INPUTS OUTPUTS Source: Ventère, 2012, Techniques de l’Ingénieur, [G 6000] LCA: Conversion of elementary flows to impacts - One flow can have multiple impacts Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 10/21 | 3923 | 13 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Key notions of ecodesign/ LCA Slide11.svg note: ### Key notions of ecodesign/ LCA System boundaries 11 Source: Ventère, 2012, Techniques de l’Ingénieur, [G 6000] Inputs: depletion of natural resources Outputs: emissions into water, soil, air, landfill - From the resource to the landfill, including transport, neglecting initial investments (such as construction of industrial sites, roads…) Consideration electrical power by initial transformation of matter into power (combustion) Elementary flows of matter Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 11/21 | 3943 | 9 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Elements of LCA Slide12.svg note: ### Elements of LCA Goal and scope definition defines the goal and intended use of the LCA, and scopes the assessment concerning system boundaries, function and flow, required data quality, technology and assessment parameters. Life Cycle Inventory analysis, LCI, is an activity for collecting data on inputs (resources and intermediate products) and outputs (emissions, wastes) for all the processes in the product system. Life Cycle Impact Assessment, LCIA, is the phase of the LCA where inventory data on inputs and outputs are translated into indicators about the product system's potential impacts on the environment, on human health, and on the availability of natural resources. Interpretation is the phase where the results of the LCI and LCIA are interpreted according to the goal of the study and where sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are performed to qualify the results and the conclusions. 12 Sources: European Commission LCA Info Hub: http://lca.jrc.EC.europa.EU/lcainfohub/introduction.vm### Rousseaux, 2005, Techniques de l'ingénieur, ref . G5500 Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 12/21 | 3959 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # LCA Issues Slide13.svg note: ### LCA Issues Availability and quality of data scarcely measured If measured, often confidential If available, often aggregated Uncertainties not known…. Allocation of impacts in case of Co-productions Co-treatments Revalorizations Methodological issues Integration of spatio -temporal factors - Improvement of impact indicators Toxicity, ecotoxicity, biodiversity, water depletion… 13 Co-production Co-treatment revalorization Sources: Rousseaux, 2005, Techniques de l'ingénieur, ref . G5500 Schneider, 1998, Techniques de l'ingénieur, ref . G5550 Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 13/21 | 3965 | 7 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # LCA Issues Slide14.svg note: ### LCA Issues – Shifting burdens 14 ### Source: European Commission LCA Info Hub: http:// lca.jrc.EC.europa.EU / lcainfohub / introduction.vm ### The "shifting of burdens" issue: Including the whole life cycle helps ensure that no environmental burdens are shifted to other life phases, i.e. it is avoided that improvements in one part of the life cycle (e.g. production) lead to even higher impacts in other parts of the same life cycle (e.g. the product use), and vice versa. At the same time, an LCA helps to identify and avoid the shifting of burdens among different impacts, as it can and should consider in parallel effects on e.g. Climate Change, Acidification, Summer Smog, Natural Resource Consumption etc. Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 14/21 | 3978 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | title only | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Some rules of the thumb for packaging Slide15.svg note: ### Some rules of the thumb for packaging Use less material (thinner packaging with adapted performance) Increase shelf-life of products (re-use pallets and interlayers) Decrease use of high-energy and water consuming products Design for improved end-of-life management Decrease voids: adapt packaging height, improve stacking ability, … Optimize palletization plans Reduce wastes from laize edges and thermoforming Minimize size of labels Optimize grouping packages - Compare technical specifications of suppliers and look for innovations 15 Check-lists and rules Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 15/21 | 3984 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | Titre et contenu | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Qualitative rules “of the thumb” Slide16.svg note: ### Qualitative rules “of the thumb” 6 “R”s Rethink product and its functions Repair (design for easy repairing) Replace harmful substances - Reuse (ease disassembly, return and use again) Reduce energy, materials,... Recycle (use recycled materials, design for recycling) Check-lists and rules Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 16/21 | 3990 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # The 12 commandments of green chemistry 17 Slide17.svg note: ### The 12 commandments of green chemistry 17 ### from - Anastas et Warner, 1998 1: Thou shall avoid waste 2: Thou shall design safe products (avoid toxicity) 3: Thou shall design safe processes (avoid hazardous syntheses leaving toxic waste and by-products) 4: Thou shall use renewable feedstocks (rather than depleting ones) 5: Thou shall use catalysts rather than stoichiometric reagents 6: Thou shall avoid temporary modifications (protection – deprotection steps) 7: Thou shall incorporate all material in thy product (avoid atom waste) 8: Thou shall use safe reaction conditions (avoid solvents, or use innocuous ones) 9: Thou shall optimize energy efficiency (ambient temperature and pressure whenever possible) 10: Thou shall keep end of life in mind 11: Thou shall prevent pollution 12: Thy products shall be safe (minimize potential for chemical accidents, explosions, fires…) De Koeijer, Pack Tech & Sci, 2017 Check-lists and rules Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 17/21 | 3996 | 6 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | title only | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Simplified qualitative assessment of - Life Cycle - SQALC Slide18.svg note: Simplified one point assesssment ### Simplified qualitative assessment of Life Cycle - SQALC Selective and qualitative method for single point assessment used for selective improvement Assessment steps Qualitative assessment be questionnaires Quantitative assessment of hot spots of step 1 by indicators Product mass Energy content Energy consumption - Recyclability Generated pollution,... Recommendations 18 Example of available tools: Ecodesign Pilot - TU Wien PIQET – Packaging Impact Quick Evaluation Tool Svanes, Pack Technol & Sci, 2010 Eco- Design toolbox --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 18/21 | 4004 | 5 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Holistic methodology for packaging design Slide19.svg note: A method which trys to go more in ### Holistic methodology for packaging design waste Svanes, Pack Technol & Sci, 2010 Consideration of the whole packaging system: primary, secondary, tertiary packaging Interconnection between product and packaging Distribution chain included - Effectiveness of the packaging and product systems assessed in one functional unit defined as ‘packing and distribution of 1000 kg of product from a manufacturing company to the final consumer’. Conditions of the distribution chain evaluated and considered Eco- Design of packaging --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 19/21 | 4011 | 5 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Food/packaging systems 20 Slide20.svg note: Cans, glass relatively high impact nonwithsanding food product -> use of less impacting packaging systems mostly Doi packs, plastic packaging with high barrier ..; ### Food/packaging systems 20 ### Licciardello, F. Packaging, blessing in disguise . Review on its diverse contribution to food sustainability . Trends in Food Science & Technology 2017, PREI – Packaging relative environmental impact Contribution of packaging to EI of meet and diary products low Contribution to EI of high-water content foods high Glass and tinplate packaging high EI notwithstanding food product (high weight) Food wastes in the processing step less relevant than in households and restaurants - Approximately 20 – 25 % of food wastes in households packaging related (highly industrialized countries) --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 20/21 | 4032 | 4 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | title only | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) # Evaluation categories Slide21.svg note: Economic pilar and social pillar ### Evaluation categories - Environmental performance of the total packaging/product system. Total distribution costs of the packed product. This includes, for example, cost of all materials and processes along the distribution chain such as packaging, packing process, storage, transport and retail costs. Preservation of product quality. Market acceptance, branding and exposure. User friendliness. Svanes, Pack Technol & Sci, 2010 --- | **name** | **id** | **number of objects** | **date PPTx (name)** | | :--------------: | :--------: | :-------------------: | :-----------------------------: | | slide 21/21 | 4040 | 3 | June 26, 2020 (Fitness-ecodesign-toolbox.pptx) | | **slide master** | **layout** | **style** | **date of conversion (engine)** | | Nouvelle présentation | text | | Jun 27, 2020 (extractTXTfromPPT) | content provided AS IS - [report a problem](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu) --- # Thank you for your attention. --- ### Use this link to go back to the first slides * > [first slide](#/) * > [logo slide](#/1) * > [content slide](#/0/2) * > [title slide](#/2) --- #### report issues to [Gemma Cornuau](mailto:g.cornuau@actia-asso.eu)